Table 2 |
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|
Correlates of Anemia in HIV-infected children (n = 248) |
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|
Risk Factors |
Univariate correlates |
Multivariate correlatesa |
||
|
|
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|
Odds ratio (95% CI) |
p-value |
Odds ratio (95%CI) |
p-value |
|
|
|
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|
|
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|
Socio-demographic |
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|
|
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|
Age (Pre-school vs. school-age)b |
2.68 (1.55, 4.61) |
< 0.01 |
2.87 (1.45, 5.70) |
< 0.01 |
|
|
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|
Sex (males vs. females) |
0.97 (0.58, 1.62) |
0.89 |
||
|
|
||||
|
Rural vs. urban |
6.45 (3.57, 11.68) |
< 0.01 |
12.09 (5.64, 25.96) |
< 0.01 |
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
HIV and care-related |
||||
|
|
||||
|
Advanced HIV stage (Stage 3,4 vs. 1,2) |
3.47 (1.83, 6.57) |
< 0.01 |
6.95 (3.06, 15.79) |
< 0.01 |
|
|
||||
|
Advanced/severe immunodeficiencyc |
4.48 (2.01, 10.0) |
< 0.01 |
||
|
|
||||
|
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) |
0.29 (0.16, 0.53) |
< 0.01 |
||
|
|
||||
|
ART type (d4T vs. AZT) |
1.35 (0.43, 4.30) |
0.81 |
||
|
|
||||
|
Use of cotrimoxazole |
1.15 (0.68, 1.92) |
0.61 |
||
|
|
||||
|
TB/HIV co-infection |
3.29 (1.57, 6.92) |
< 0.01 |
3.36 (1.43, 7.89) |
< 0.01d |
|
|
||||
|
Use of nutritional supplements (multivitamins, iron) |
0.68 (0.40, 1.16) |
0.15 |
0.44 (0.22, 0.90) |
0.03 |
|
|
||||
|
Care (institutionalized vs. home-based) |
0.38 (0.20, 0.72) |
< 0.01 |
||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
Anthropometric |
||||
|
|
||||
|
Underweight |
2.56 (1.51, 4.34) |
< 0.01 |
||
|
|
||||
|
Stunting |
3.21 (1.85, 5.56) |
< 0.01 |
3.24 (1.65, 6.35) |
< 0.01 |
|
|
||||
|
Wasting |
1.58 (0.91, 2.76) |
0.11 |
||
|
|
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|
Shet et al. BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:37 doi:10.1186/1471-2431-9-37 |
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