Table 3

Birth year adjusted analyses of maternal reproductive characteristics, pregnancy history, and labor and delivery variables and childhood leukemia.


Sub-cohort
ALL
AML


No. (%)
No. (%)
HR
95% CI
No. (%)
HR
95% CI

Plurality







     1
8526 (97)
547 (98)
ref.
86 (99)
ND**
     ≥2
224 (3)
12 (2)
0.82
0.46–1.48
1 (1)


     missing
1 (0)
1 (0)


0 (0)


Previous live births







     0
3449 (40)
202 (37)
ref.
29 (33)
ref.
     1–2
4251 (49)
286 (52)
1.15
0.95–1.38
49 (56)
1.39
0.87–2.20
     ≥3
903 (11)
61 (11)
1.14
0.85–1.54
9 (10)
1.20
0.56–2.54
     missing
147 (2)
11 (2)


0 (0)


Prior fetal loss







     any
1866 (22)
134 (25)
1.14
0.94–1.41
19 (22)
1.00
0.59–1.68
     none
6711 (78)
407 (75)
ref.
68 (78)
ref.
     missing
173 (3)
19 (3)


0 (0)


Last fetal death interval







     no fetal deaths
6564 (80)
404 (77)
ref.
67 (82)
ref.
     <3 years
891 (11)
73 (14)
1.30
1.00–1.69
8 (10)
0.92
0.44–1.93
     ≥3 years
722 (9)
51 (10)
1.13
0.83–1.53
7 (8)
0.96
0.44–2.11
     missing
573 (7)
32 (6)


5 (6)


Last live birth interval







     no live births
3449 (40)
202 (37)
ref.
29 (35)
ref.
     <3 years
3333 (39)
200 (36)
1.02
0.84–1.25
34 (40)
1.22
0.74–2.02
     ≥3 years
1786 (21)
148 (27)
1.40
1.12–1.75
21 (25)
1.40
0.79–2.47
     missing
182 (2)
10 (2)


3 (3)


Maternal diabetes*







     any
110 (3)
8 (3)
1.00
0.48–2.08
0 (0)
ND
     none
3194 (97)
229 (97)
ref.
33 (100)


     missing
215 (6)
9 (4)





Gestational anemia







     yes
80 (2)
8 (3)
1.52
0.72–3.19
1 (2)
ND
     no
4612 (98)
305 (97)
ref.
42 (98)


     missing
291 (6)
23 (7)


4 (9)


Maternal hypertension







     any
337 (4)
28 (6)
1.32
0.88–1.96
5 (6)
1.40
0.56–3.49
     none
7678 (96)
481 (94)
ref.
76 (94)
ref.
     missing
735 (8)
51 (9)


6 (7)


Intrauterine procedures







     yes
203 (2)
13 (2)
1.01
0.57–1.78
2 (2)
0.97
0.24–4.00
     no
8181 (98)
515 (92)
ref.
81 (98)
ref.
     missing
366 (4)
32 (6)


4 (5)


Maternal weight gain+







     < 30 lbs
2323 (60)
148 (56)
ref.
12 (36)
ref.
     ≥ 30 lbs
1526 (40)
115 (44)
1.17
0.91–1.52
21 (64)
2.59
1.27–5.31
     missing
1134 (23)
73 (22)


14 (30)


Prenatal care index







     less than adequate
2300 (33)
146 (31)
0.95
0.77–1.16
16 (22)
0.57
0.33–1.00
     adequate
4747 (67)
323 (69)
ref.
57 (78)
ref.
     missing
1151 (14)
72 (13)


11 (13)


Induction of labor







     yes
1432 (27)
92 (27)
0.97
0.75–1.24
18 (39)
1.67
0.91–3.04
     no
3878 (73)
244 (73)
ref.
28 (61)
ref.
     missing
225 (4)
19 (5)


4 (8)


Type of delivery







     vaginal
6952 82)
432 (82)
ref.
73 (86)
ref.
     caesarean section
1485 (18)
98 (18)
1.03
0.82–1.30
12 (14)
0.75
0.41–1.39
     missing
313 (4)
30 (5)


2 (2)



*collected 1992–2004.

+collected 1989–2004.

collected 1980–2004.

collected 1976–1979, 1989–2004.

**ND = not determined

Johnson et al. BMC Pediatrics 2008 8:7   doi:10.1186/1471-2431-8-7