Table 2

Summary of the results of imaging studies
Test
 Number studies
 Range LR+
 Pooled LR+ (95% CI)
 Range LR-
 Pooled LR- (95% CI)
Localisation of infection
Ultrasound
 20
 1.6 to 55.0
 3.5 (2.5, 4.8)
 0.10 to 0.91
 0.57 (0.47, 0.68)
Clinical features
 5
 1.1 to 26.6
 -
 0.09 to 0.89
 -
Infection markers
 10
 1.0 to 8.8
 -
 0.09 to 1.00
 -
Renal function markers
 4
 0.7 to 36.7
 -
 0.02 to 1.51
 -
Immunofluorescence detection of bacteria
 1
 1.8
 -
 0.55
Detection of reflux
Ultrasound: standard
 12
 1.0 to 8.7
 1.9 (1.2, 2.9)
 0.05 to 0.98
 0.76 (0.63, 0.93)
Ultrasound: contrast enhanced
 16
 3.8 to 71.2
 14.1 (9.5, 20.8)
 0.04 to 0.51
 0.20 (0.13, 0.29)
Indirect radionuclide cystography
 3
 11.2 and 25.0
 -
 0.41 and 0.68
 -
Prediction of renal scarring
Ultrasound
 2
 1.3 to 3.0
 -
 0.60 to 0.86
 -
Micturation cystourethrography
 2
 2.6 and 2.7
 -
 0.71 and 0.64
 -
Temperature
 1
 1.1
 -
 0.44
 -
CRP
 1
 1.1
 -
 0.44
 -
Intravenous pyelography
 1
 12.9
 -
 0.88
 -
Acute renal scintigraphy
 1
 3.1
 -
 0.54
 -
Detection of renal scarring
Ultrasound
 7
 1.3 to 35.9
 -
 0.14 to 0.99
Intravenous pyelography
 4
 10 to 171.3
 -
 0.15 to 0.80
 -
Indirect radionuclide cystography
 2
 2.1 to 12.6
 -
 0.15 to 0.75
 -

Westwood et al. BMC Pediatrics 2005 5:2   doi:10.1186/1471-2431-5-2