Table 2 |
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|
Outcome measures |
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|
Parental measures |
Abbreviation |
Ref |
Measurement |
Time(s) administered |
|
|
|
|||||
|
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory |
STAI |
◆ |
[53] |
Mother's anxiety level generally and at the current moment |
E1, D, T and 4, 12, 18, 24 mo. CA |
|
Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale |
CES-D |
◆ |
[54] |
Mother's depressive symptomology during the past week |
E1, D, T and 4, 12, 18, 24 mo. CA |
|
Behavioral Inhibition System-Behavioral Approach System |
BIS-BAS |
◆ |
[56] |
Mother's aversive and appetitive motivation |
E2, T and 4, 12, 18, 24 mo. CA |
|
Adult Temperament Questionnaire |
ATQ |
◆ |
[61] |
Mother's temperament |
4, 12, 18, 24 mo. CA |
|
Parenting Stress Index (short version) |
PSI |
◆ |
[57] |
Mother's parenting stress |
4, 12, 18, 24 mo. CA |
|
Maternal Self-Efficacy Scale |
MSES |
◆ |
[60] |
Mother's feelings of effectiveness in parenting |
4, 12, 18, 24 mo. CA |
|
Adult Attachment Interview |
AAI |
◆ |
[55] |
Mother's perception of her intimate relationships |
E2 |
|
|
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|
INFANT MEASURES |
|||||
|
|
|||||
|
APGAR Score |
APGAR |
◆ |
[70] |
Health of newborn children immediately after birth |
1 and 5 min after birth |
|
NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale |
NNNS |
◆ |
[62] |
Neurobehavioral functioning of infant |
36 & 40 wks PMA |
|
Early Infancy Temperament Questionnaire |
EITQ |
◆ |
[64] |
Infant's temperament |
4, 12, 18, 24 mo. CA |
|
Brief Infant-Toddler Social & Emotional Assessment |
BITSEA |
◆ |
[66] |
Screens for social-emotional problems in infant |
4, 12, 18, 24 mo. CA |
|
Infant Behavior Questionnaire |
IBQ-R |
◆ |
[65] |
Assesses infant's temperament |
4, 12, 18, 24 mo. CA |
|
Ages and Stages Questionnaire |
ASQ |
◆ |
[68] |
Screens for developmental delays in the infant |
4, 12, 18, 24 mo. CA |
|
Bayley Scales of Infant Development |
BAYLEY-III |
◆ |
[69] |
Assesses infant motor, language, and cognitive development |
18, 24 mo. CA |
|
Child Behavior Checklist |
CBCL |
◆ |
[67] |
Screens for child emotional and behavioral problems |
18, 24 mo. CA |
|
Preschool Language Scale-5 |
PLS-5 |
◆ |
[78] |
Assesses toddler language development |
24 mo. CA |
|
|
|||||
|
NURTURE ASSESSMENT MEASURES |
|||||
|
|
|||||
|
Mom's Support Circle (Additional File 1) |
▲ |
Mother's self-report of family's support system for infant care in the home. |
E2, T and 4, 12, 18, 24 mo. CA |
||
|
Nurture Time Daily Log |
▲ |
Mother's self-report of time performing nurturing activities with the infant |
Weekly in NICU |
||
|
Maternal Nurture & Family Support Meeting |
▲ |
Nurse's assessment of mother's nurturing ability and family support system. |
1x post discharge |
||
|
Home Nurture Questionnaire |
▲ |
Mother's self-report of nurture interactions with her infant at home. |
4 mo. CA |
||
|
Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire (revised) |
NSSQ |
◆ |
[59] |
Assesses father's social support |
4, 12, 18, 24 mo. CA |
|
|
|||||
|
MOTHER-INFANT INTERACTION MEASURES |
|||||
|
|
|||||
|
Hane Behavioral Assessment Video |
HANE |
◆ |
[76] |
Coded for quality of maternal caregiving behavior and infant stress reactivity |
36 wks PMA and 4 mo. CA |
|
Beebe Assessment Video |
BB |
◆ |
[52] |
Coded and assessed for attachment and mother-infant attunement. |
4 and 12 mo. CA |
|
|
|||||
|
PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES |
|||||
|
|
|||||
|
Electroencephalogram |
EEG |
[73] |
Records brain activity of infant during an hour of sleep |
34§, 36§, 40 wks PMA |
|
|
Electrocardiogram |
ECG |
[92] |
Records heart rhythm of infant during an hour of sleep |
34§, 36§, 40 wks PMA and 4, 12, 24 mo. CA |
|
|
Respiration |
[93] |
Respiratory rate of infant recorded during an hour of sleep |
34§, 36§, 40 wks PMA |
||
|
Body Temperature |
[94] |
Body temperature |
34§, 36§, 40 wks PMA |
||
|
|
|||||
|
BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES COLLECTED |
|||||
|
|
|||||
|
Breastmilk |
To analyse peptides present in mother's breastmilk |
3x in NICU |
|||
|
Blood |
To measure cytokines present in infant's blood |
Once in unit. |
|||
|
Cortisol |
[95] |
From saliva. Assess mother and infant's stress levels |
34§, 36§, 40§ wks PMA and 4, 12, 18, 24 mo. CA |
||
|
Stool |
[96] |
1x/day for 3 wks, 1x/wk for 1 mo., 1x/mo. for 1 year |
|||
|
|
|||||
|
◆ Standardized Questionnaire |
▲ Custom FNI-NICU Questionnaire |
||||
|
|
|||||
|
Assessments in mothers and infants will be performed from birth through 24 months to determine the primary and secondary outcomes of this study. § At these approximate ages the noted physiological variables will be obtained, simultaneously, from the mother and infant during a calming cycle. Abbreviations: CA, corrected age; D, Near Discharge; E1, Near Enrollment Before Assignment; E2, Near Enrollment After Assignment; PMA, postmenstrual age; T, At Term. |
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|
Welch et al. BMC Pediatrics 2012 12:14 doi:10.1186/1471-2431-12-14 |
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