Table 5

Mean values (CI) for HAD scores before treatment (baseline) and follow-up and p-values and effect sizes for changes at follow-up compared to baseline

HAD
Base, n = 100
1 mo, n = 95
2 mo, n = 86
3 mo, n = 81
6 mo, n = 75
12 mo, n = 71

Anxiety*
5.4 (4.5–6.3)
4.1 (3.2–5.0)
3.1 (2.4–3.8)
4.5 (2.8–4.3)
3.4 (2.5–4.4)
3.2 (2.2–4.1)
     p/ES

0.00/0.31
0.00/0.50
0.00/0.37
0.00/0.41
0.00/0.51
Depression*
3.7 (3.0–4.5)
4.0 (3.2–4.8)
3.2 (2.6–3.8)
2.9 (2.3–3.5)
2.8 (2.0–3.6)
2.5 (1.7–3.3)
     p/ES

ns/0.12
ns/0.03
ns/0.08
ns/0.07
ns/0.20

*Min-max score 0–21

p-value significant at ≤ 0.05, ns = not significant

Effect size (ES) of change was calculated as mean change from baseline, divided by the standard deviation of change. Criteria: trivial 0 to < 0.20; small 0.20 to < 0.50; moderate 0.50 to < 0.80; and large ≥ 0.80

Johansson et al. BMC Cancer 2008 8:80   doi:10.1186/1471-2407-8-80