Table 1

Cohort studies of smokeless tobacco and pancreatic cancer

Study details
US Veterans Study
Lutheran Brotherhood Study
Norway Cohorts Study
Swedish Construction Workers Study







Sourcea
Winn et al [19]b
Zheng et al [9]c
Boffetta et al [10]d
Luo et al [11]

Country
USA
USA
Norway
Sweden

Population
US veterans insurance policyholders
Lutheran brotherhood insurance policyholderse
General population samples and relatives of Norwegian migrants to the USA
Construction workers

Baseline survey
1954
1966
1964, 1967
1978–1992

Sex
> 99.5% Male
Male
Male
Male

Follow-up
1954–1969
1966–1986
1966–2001
1978–2004

Sample sizef
Approx 300,000
17,633
10,136
279,897

Endpoint
Mortality
Mortality
Incidenceg
Incidence

Data on ST use
ST unspecified
ST unspecified
Snuff
Snuff

Adjustment factorsh
Age
Age, smoking, alcohol
Age, smoking
Age, smoking, body mass index

a The source given is for the latest follow-up

b The source is an abstract. Some of the study information about the US Veterans Study was obtained from other sources [33]

c Page 103 of IARC Monograph 37 [30] summarizes 15 year follow-up results from this study based on two abstracts [29,32]

d 11 year follow-up results from this study are reported on page 103 of IARC Monograph 37 [30] based on two abstracts [29,32], while 14 year follow-up results are given by Heuch et al [31]

e White

f Numbers used in specific analyses may be less than this

g Cases diagnosed on the basis of a clinical examination or death certificate only were excluded

h Adjustment factors used in analysis

Sponsiello-Wang et al. BMC Cancer 2008 8:356   doi:10.1186/1471-2407-8-356