Table 4

Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for pregnancy-related pelvic pain in the first pregnancy

Characteristic

N

Pregnancy-related pelvic pain in first pregnancy

OR (95 % CI)*

No use

1290

1.0 (ref.)

Duration of hormonal contraceptives before first pregnancy**

1–29 months

245

1.8 (1.3–2.5)

30–59 months

135

1.2 (0.8–1.9)

60 months or more

135

1.6 (1.0–2.5)

Type of hormonal contraceptives used before first pregnancy***

Progestin-only contraceptives

71

1.7 (0.97–2.8)

Combined estrogen-progestin contraceptives****

323

1.7 (1.2–2.3)

* Adjusted for age at menarche, years of education, smoking during first pregnancy, age at first birth, weight of newborn and time since first birth (years between first birth and enrolment in the study cohort). **Analysis includes women with valid information for duration and adjustment variables, i.e. 421 women with and 1384 without pregnancy related pelvic pain in first pregnancy. ***Analysis includes women with valid information for brand name and adjustment variables, i.e. 387 women with and 1297 without pregnancy related pelvic pain in first pregnancy. **** Includes 23 women who used both progestin-only and combined contraceptives before first pregnancy.

Kumle et al. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2004 4:11   doi:10.1186/1471-2393-4-11