Table 2

Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for pregnancy-related pelvic pain in the first pregnancy

Characteristic
Pregnancy-related pelvic pain in first pregnancy


OR (95% CI) *

Use of hormonal contraceptives before first birth

          No
1.0 (ref.)
          Yes
1.6 (1.2–2.1)
Age at menarche

          <= 12 years
1.0 (ref.)
          13 years
0.9 (0.7–1.2)
          14 + years
0.8 (0.6–1.1)
Age at first birth

          < = 20 years
1.0 (ref.)
          21–25 years
1.2 (0.9–1.5)
          26 + years
0.8 (0.5–1.1)
Time elapsed since first birth (per 3 years)**
0.9 (0.8–1.0)
Weight of newborn child (per 500 g)
1.0 (0.95–1.1)
Years of education

          7–9
1.0 (ref.)
          10–12
1.0 (0.7–1.3)
          13–15
0.9 (0.7–1.3)
          16+
1.1 (0.7–1.7)
Smoking during first pregnancy

          No
1.0 (ref.)
          Yes
0.9 (0.7–1.1)

* All variables are mutually adjusted. Analysis includes women with valid information for listed variables, i.e. 437 women with and 1424 women without pregnancy-related pelvic pain during their first pregnancy. ** Years between first birth and enrolment in the study cohort.

Kumle et al. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2004 4:11   doi:10.1186/1471-2393-4-11