Table 1 |
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Individual, household and community level characteristics and rates of EBF of children <6 months of age, Nigeria 2003 (n = 658). |
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|
Characteristic |
Exclusive breastfeeding rates (<6 months, n = 658) |
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|
|
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|
n |
% |
% 95% CI |
Pvalue |
|
|
|
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|
Individual level factors |
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|
Maternal working status (n = 657) |
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|
Non-working |
293 |
44.6 |
14.2 (9.6 - 20.4) |
|
|
Working (past 12 months) |
365 |
55.5 |
18.2 (13.5 - 24.0) |
0.338 |
|
Maternal education |
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|
No education |
333 |
50.6 |
11.0 (7.5 - 16.0) |
|
|
Primary |
151 |
22.9 |
12.7 (7.8 - 20.0) |
<0.001 |
|
Secondary and above |
175 |
26.6 |
29.7 (19.9 - 41.9) |
|
|
Partner's education (n = 629) |
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|
No education |
254 |
40.4 |
10.6 (7.0 - 15.8) |
|
|
Primary |
295 |
46.9 |
16.4 (11.5 - 22.7) |
0.003 |
|
Secondary and above |
80 |
12.8 |
30.6 (18.1 - 46.8) |
|
|
Mother's age |
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|
15-19 years |
264 |
40.1 |
15.4 (10.0 - 22.9) |
|
|
20-34 years |
294 |
44.6 |
18.9 (13.7 - 25.5) |
0.358 |
|
35-49 years |
100 |
15.3 |
11.5 (5.7 - 22.0) |
|
|
Marital status (n = 635) |
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|
Currently married |
623 |
98.1 |
15.5 (11.7 - 20.1) |
|
|
Formerly married (div/sep/widow) |
12 |
1.9 |
35.3 (13.2 - 66.1) |
0.050 |
|
Birth order |
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|
First-born |
144 |
21.9 |
23.6 (13.2 - 38.4) |
|
|
2nd-4th |
296 |
44.9 |
16.5 (11.8 - 22.7) |
0.104 |
|
5 or more |
219 |
33.2 |
11.4 (7.4 - 17.1) |
|
|
Preceding birth interval |
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|
No previous birth |
144 |
21.9 |
23.6 (13.2 - 38.4) |
|
|
<24 months |
73 |
11.1 |
25.8 (13.6 - 43.6) |
0.044 |
|
≥24 months |
441 |
67.1 |
12.5 (9.3 - 16.6) |
|
|
Sex of baby |
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|
Male |
345 |
52.5 |
15.2 (10.5 - 21.3) |
|
|
Female |
313 |
47.5 |
17.7 (13.2 - 23.3) |
0.409 |
|
Age of child (months) |
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|
0-2.9 |
303 |
46.1 |
22.2 (16.5-29.1) |
|
|
3-5.9 |
355 |
53.9 |
10.7 (7.6 - 14.9) |
<0.001 |
|
Place of delivery |
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|
Home |
455 |
69.1 |
12.5 (8.8 - 17.5) |
|
|
Health facility |
203 |
30.9 |
25.0 (17.5 - 34.4) |
0.003 |
|
Mode of delivery (n = 650) |
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|
non-caesarean |
643 |
99.0 |
15.8 (12.0 - 20.6) |
|
|
Caesarean section |
7 |
1.0 |
26.6 (7.2 - 62.7) |
0.104 |
|
Type of delivery assistance (n = 565) |
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|
Health professional |
221 |
39.1 |
23.3 (16.8 - 31.4) |
|
|
Traditional birth attendance |
114 |
20.2 |
12.8 (6.5 - 23.7) |
0.045 |
|
Other |
230 |
40.7 |
14.3 (8.7 - 22.7) |
|
|
Antenatal Clinic visits (n = 644) |
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|
None |
251 |
39.1 |
6.0 (3.5 - 10.2) |
|
|
1-3. |
98 |
15.2 |
19.8 (11.5 - 31.8) |
<0.001 |
|
4+ |
295 |
45.8 |
23.5 (17.2 - 31.2) |
|
|
Timing of postnatal check-up |
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|
0-2 days |
105 |
16.1 |
10.5 (5.1-10.2) |
|
|
3-41 days |
21 |
3.2 |
6.7 (1.5 - 25.0) |
<0.001 |
|
Did not receive postnatal check-up1 |
314 |
47.4 |
25.1 (18.7 - 32.9) |
|
|
Missing |
218 |
33.2 |
6.7 (4.2 - 10.6) |
|
|
Mother's BMI (n = 644) |
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|
< = 18.5 |
70 |
10.9 |
9.4 (4.5 - 18.7) |
|
|
>18.5 |
573 |
89.1 |
17.6 (13.3 - 22.9) |
0.159 |
|
Size of baby (n = 652) |
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|
Small |
108 |
16.6 |
9.9 (4.5 - 20.4) |
|
|
Average |
289 |
44.4 |
16.6 (12.4 - 21.9) |
|
|
Large |
255 |
39.0 |
18.5 (12.2 - 27.1) |
0.364 |
|
Mothers Literacy (n = 648) |
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|
Can't read |
405 |
62.6 |
10.5 (7.3 - 14.7) |
|
|
Read part/whole sentences |
243 |
37.5 |
25.7 (17.9 - 35.3) |
<0.001 |
|
Household level factors |
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|
Wealth Index |
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|
Poor |
285 |
43.4 |
8.3 (5.4 - 12.6) |
|
|
Middle |
248 |
37.7 |
20.6 (14.5 - 28.5) |
|
|
Rich |
124 |
18.9 |
26.4 (16.6 - 39.2) |
<0.001 |
|
Decisions women have final say |
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|
None |
310 |
47.1 |
16.5 (10.7 - 24.7) |
|
|
1-2. |
212 |
32.2 |
13.8 (8.2 - 22.4) |
0.725 |
|
3-4. |
84 |
12.8 |
19.1 (11.6 - 29.9) |
|
|
5 |
51 |
7.8 |
21.5 (9.9 - 40.7) |
|
|
Community level factors |
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|
Residence |
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|
Urban |
180 |
27.3 |
20.7 (14.7 - 28.4) |
|
|
Rural |
478 |
72.7 |
14.7 (10.2 - 20.9) |
0.179 |
|
Geographical region |
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|
North Central |
89 |
13.5 |
40.5 (29.7 - 52.5) |
|
|
North East |
149 |
22.6 |
11.5 (5.3 - 23.0) |
|
|
North West |
233 |
35.5 |
7.4 (4.4 - 12.3) |
<0.001 |
|
South East |
35 |
5.3 |
9.6 (3.3 - 24.9) |
|
|
South South |
85 |
13.0 |
14.7 (5.5 - 33.6) |
|
|
South West |
67 |
10.1 |
32.2 (19.5 - 48.1) |
|
|
|
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|
Overall |
658 |
100 |
16.4 (12.6 - 21.1) |
NA |
|
|
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|
Weighted total count = 658 unless otherwise given in brackets, Pvalue obtained by chi-squared test 1includes women who received the first postnatal check-up after 41 days NA = Not applicable |
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|
Agho et al. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2011 11:2 doi:10.1186/1471-2393-11-2 |
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