|
Associations of childhood and adulthood direct pesticide application with PD as divided into chemical classes. |
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| % Exposed* |
|||||
|
|
|||||
| Functional type |
History of pesticide use for each chemical class |
Cases, n = 319 |
Controls, n = 296 |
OR and 95% CI (GEE model 2)** |
|
|
|
|||||
| Insecticide |
Botanical |
||||
| Ever |
2.2 |
0.3 |
5.93 |
0.63–56.10 |
|
| Ever to any other pesticide |
60.5 |
49.3 |
1.57 |
1.10–2.24 |
|
| Never |
37.3 |
50.3 |
1.00 |
Referent |
|
| N-Methyl carbamate |
|||||
| Ever |
11.9 |
10.8 |
1.31 |
0.75–2.28 |
|
| Ever to any other pesticide |
50.8 |
38.9 |
1.70 |
1.17–2.47 |
|
| Never |
37.3 |
50.3 |
1.00 |
Referent |
|
| Organochlorine |
|||||
| Ever |
13.2 |
7.1 |
1.99 |
1.09–3.64 |
|
| Ever to any other pesticide |
49.5 |
42.6 |
1.54 |
1.07–2.23 |
|
| Never |
37.3 |
50.3 |
1.00 |
Referent |
|
| Organophosphorus |
|||||
| Ever |
16.6 |
10.1 |
1.89 |
1.11–3.25 |
|
| Ever to any other pesticide |
46.1 |
39.5 |
1.53 |
1.05–2.23 |
|
| Never |
37.3 |
50.3 |
1.00 |
Referent |
|
| Herbicide |
Chlorophenoxy acid/ester |
||||
| Ever |
4.7 |
2.7 |
2.07 |
0.69–6.23 |
|
| Ever to any other pesticide |
58.0 |
47.0 |
1.58 |
1.11–2.27 |
|
| Never |
37.3 |
50.3 |
1.00 |
Referent |
|
| Phosphonoglycine |
|||||
| Ever |
17.9 |
13.5 |
1.53 |
0.92–2.53 |
|
| Ever to any other pesticide |
44.8 |
36.1 |
1.64 |
1.12–2.40 |
|
| Never |
37.3 |
50.3 |
1.00 |
Referent |
|
| Triazine |
|||||
| Ever |
1.6 |
2.4 |
1.08 |
0.32–3.59 |
|
| Ever to any other pesticide |
61.1 |
47.3 |
1.63 |
1.14–2.33 |
|
| Never |
37.3 |
50.3 |
1.00 |
Referent |
|
| Multiple uses |
Inorganic/metal |
||||
| Ever |
5.0 |
3.0 |
1.51 |
0.62–3.71 |
|
| Ever to any other pesticide |
57.7 |
46.6 |
1.61 |
1.13–2.31 |
|
| Never |
37.3 |
50.3 |
1.00 |
Referent |
|
|
*Column totals may not sum to 100 due to rounding or missing data. **GEE model adjusted for AAE, sex, cigarette smoking, and caffeine consumption. | |||||
Hancock et al. BMC Neurology 2008 8:6 doi:10.1186/1471-2377-8-6 |
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