Table 3

Associations of childhood and adulthood direct pesticide application with PD in positive history families.


% Exposed*









Cases, n = 91
Controls, n = 81
p for trend (GEE model 1)**
OR and 95% CI (GEE model 2)**

History of pesticide use




     Ever
62.6
55.6

1.20
0.58–2.50
     Never
37.4
44.4

1.00
Referent
Frequency (days/year)

0.72


     >11
20.9
19.8

1.36
0.49–3.78
     4–11
20.9
14.8

0.96
0.34–2.69
     <4
16.5
19.8

1.07
0.40–2.89
     Never
37.4
44.4

1.00
Referent
Duration (years)

0.54


     >27
24.2
14.8

1.87
0.79–4.46
     13–27
17.6
19.8

1.03
0.39–2.74
     <13
17.6
17.3

1.33
0.44–4.04
     Never
37.4
44.4

1.00
Referent
Cumulative exposure (days)

0.72


     >242
22.0
13.6

1.21
0.44–3.36
     60–242
17.6
19.8

0.88
0.33–2.34
     <60
15.4
17.3

1.34
0.44–4.08
     Never
37.4
44.4

1.00
Referent

*Column totals may not sum to 100 due to rounding or missing data.

**GEE model adjusted for AAE, sex, cigarette smoking, and caffeine consumption.

Hancock et al. BMC Neurology 2008 8:6   doi:10.1186/1471-2377-8-6