|
Sample characteristics* |
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| Characteristic |
Laboratory Claims Indicating Hyponatremia† |
p|| |
||
|
|
||||
| All Claims (n = 40,668) |
Negative Test‡ (n = 39,261) |
Positive Test§(n = 1407) |
||
|
|
||||
| Age, mean (SD), y |
59 (15.7) |
59 (15.7) |
67 (12.3) |
< 0.001 |
| Female sex |
24,694 (60.7) |
23,769 (60.5) |
925 (65.7) |
< 0.001 |
| Underlying conditions and comorbidities |
||||
| Cerebrovascular disease |
1874 (4.6) |
1721 (4.4) |
153 (10.9) |
< 0.001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
4279 (10.5) |
4020 (10.2) |
259 (18.4) |
< 0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure |
2742 (6.7) |
2605 (6.6) |
137 (9.7) |
< 0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease |
5857 (14.4) |
5560 (14.2) |
297 (21.1) |
< 0.001 |
| Dementia |
164 (4.0) |
141 (3.5) |
23 (1.6) |
< 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus |
8342 (20.5) |
8102 (20.6) |
240 (17.1) |
0.001 |
| Hypertension |
14,825 (36.5) |
13,997 (35.7) |
828 (58.8) |
< 0.001 |
| Kidney disease |
1491 (3.7) |
1405 (3.6) |
86 (6.1) |
< 0.001 |
| Liver cirrhosis |
26 (0.1) |
24 (0.1) |
2 (0.1) |
0.24 |
| Metastatic carcinoma |
2325 (5.7) |
2246 (5.7) |
79 (5.6) |
0.87 |
| Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis |
1918 (4.7) |
1800 (4.6) |
118 (8.4) |
< 0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease |
1613 (4.0) |
1546 (3.9) |
67 (4.8) |
0.12 |
| Rheumatic disease |
1291 (3.2) |
1254 (3.2) |
37 (2.6) |
0.24 |
| Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone |
157 (3.9) |
91 (2.3) |
66 (4.7) |
< 0.001 |
| Medications known to cause hyponatremia |
10,492 (25.8) |
10,144 (25.8) |
348 (24.7) |
0.35 |
|
* Values are expressed as number (percentage) unless otherwise indicated. † Hyponatremia was defined as serum sodium < 136 mmol/L. ‡ A negative test was defined as the presence of an outpatient professional claim with no ICD-9-CM code for hyponatremia or the absence of any outpatient professional claims within 15 days before or after the laboratory claim indicating hyponatremia. § A positive test was defined as the presence of an outpatient professional claim with a primary or secondary ICD-9-CM diagnosis code of hyponatremia observed within 15 days before or after the laboratory claim indicating hyponatremia. || p-Values for the comparison between the positive and negative test groups. | ||||
Shea et al. BMC Nephrology 2008 9:5 doi:10.1186/1471-2369-9-5 |
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