Research article
Mild forms of hypophosphatasia mostly result from dominant negative effect of severe alleles or from compound heterozygosity for severe and moderate alleles
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* Corresponding author: Etienne Mornet emornet@labosesep.org
1 Unité de pathologie cellulaire et génétique EA2493, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 78035 Versailles, France
2 Laboratoire SESEP, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, 78150 Le Chesnay, France
3 Département de Génie Biologique, Institut Universitaire de Technologies du Limousin, 87000 Limoges, France
4 Laboratoire de Biomolécules et thérapies antitumorales EA4021, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, Limoges, France
BMC Medical Genetics 2009, 10:51 doi:10.1186/1471-2350-10-51
Published: 6 June 2009Abstract
Background
Mild hypophosphatasia (HPP) phenotype may result from ALPL gene mutations exhibiting residual alkaline phosphatase activity or from severe heterozygous mutations exhibiting a dominant negative effect. In order to determine the cause of our failure to detect a second mutation by sequencing in patients with mild HPP and carrying on a single heterozygous mutation, we tested the possible dominant effect of 35 mutations carried by these patients.
Methods
We tested the mutations by site-directed mutagenesis. We also genotyped 8 exonic and intronic ALPL gene polymorphisms in the patients and in a control group in order to detect the possible existence of a recurrent intronic mild mutation.
Results
We found that most of the tested mutations exhibit a dominant negative effect that may account for the mild HPP phenotype, and that for at least some of the patients, a second mutation in linkage disequilibrium with a particular haplotype could not be ruled out.
Conclusion
Mild HPP results in part from compound heterozygosity for severe and moderate mutations, but also in a large part from heterozygous mutations with a dominant negative effect.