Table 4

Piecewise exponential hazard regression model for factors associated with death in cases aged 18–64 years with invasive pneumococcal infection

Death at 0–7 days
 Death at 8–28 days
 Death at 29–90 days

Factor
 Hazard ratio
 95%CIa
 P-value
 Hazard ratio
 95%CIa
 P-value
 Hazard ratio
 95%CIa
 P-value
Male sex
 0.9
 0.6–1.2
 0.5
 1.6
 1.3–2.0
 < 0.001
 1.6
 1.3–2.0
 < 0.001
Age > 50 years
 1.3
 1.1–1.7
 < 0.05
 1.3
 1.1–1.7
 < 0.05
 2.8
 2.2–3.5
 < 0.001
Meningitis
 1.2
 0.7–2.3
 0.7
 3.2
 2.0–5.0
 < 0.001
 0.7
 0.4–1.2
 0.3
Alcohol-related diseases
 5.6
 3.8–8.1
 < 0.001
 3.8
 2.9–4.9
 < 0.001
 3.8
 2.9–4.9
 < 0.001
Cardiac failure
 2.6
 1.8–3.8
 < 0.001
 2.6
 1.8–3.8
 < 0.001
 2.6
 1.8–3.8
 < 0.001
Chronic renal failure
 1.6
 0.5–5.2
 0.4
 1.6
 0.5–5.2
 0.4
 1.6
 0.5–5.2
 0.4
Chronic liver disease
 4.4
 2.3–8.6
 < 0.001
 4.4
 2.3–8.6
 < 0.001
 4.4
 2.3–8.6
 < 0.001
HIV infection
 4.8
 2.1–10.9
 < 0.001
 4.8
 2.1–10.9
 < 0.001
 4.8
 2.1–10.9
 < 0.001
Haematological malignancyb
 0.9
 0.2–3.5
 0.6
 0.9
 0.2–3.5
 0.6
 6.9
 4.1–11.5
 < 0.001
Non-haematological malignancyb
 4.7
 3.3–6.7
 < 0.001
 4.7
 3.3–6.7
 < 0.001
 4.7
 3.3–6.7
 < 0.001
Diabetes mellitus
 1.4
 0.9–2.0
 0.13
 1.4
 0.9–2.0
 0.13
 1.4
 0.9–2.0
 0.13
Chronic pulmonary disease
 1.0
 0.6–1.6
 1.0
 1.0
 0.6–1.6
 1.0
 1.0
 0.6–1.6
 1.0
Organ/bone marrow transplantation
 0.9
 0.4–1.8
 0.7
 0.9
 0.4–1.8
 0.7
 0.9
 0.4–1.8
 0.7
Immunodeficiency/rheumatic diseases
 1.7
 1.2–2.2
 < 0.05
 1.7
 1.2–2.2
 < 0.05
 1.7
 1.2–2.2
 < 0.05
Otherc medical underlying conditions
 1.7
 1.3–2.2
 < 0.001
 1.7
 1.3–2.2
 < 0.001
 1.7
 1.3–2.2
 < 0.001
Healthy
 Ref.d

Ref.

Ref.

aCI, confidence interval; b < 1 year since cancer diagnosis; cnon-PPV23 indication; dRef., reference

Klemets et al. BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:96   doi:10.1186/1471-2334-8-96