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Historical, examination, and laboratory findings in patients with cryptococcal meningitis. |
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| Cryptococcal meningitis (n = 40) |
Other (n = 109) |
P |
|
|
|
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| Age (median, range) |
41 (14–65) |
37 (13–64) |
NS |
| Female sex |
45% (18) |
45% (49) |
NS |
| History |
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| Subjective fever |
83% (33) |
62% (68) |
NS |
| Subjective wt loss |
65% (26) |
53% (58) |
NS |
| Confusion |
73% (29) |
45% (49) |
0.003 |
| Vomiting |
48% (19) |
31% (34) |
NS |
| Social withdrawal |
43%(17) |
18% (20) |
0.004 |
| Seizures |
35% (14) |
19% (21) |
0.05 |
| On antiretroviral therapy |
18% (7) |
24% (26) |
NS |
| Physical examination |
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| Febrile (T >38.0°C) |
73% (29) |
47% (51) |
0.006 |
| Hypertensive (>140/90 mm Hg) |
18% (7) |
14% (15) |
NS |
| Tachycardia |
60% (24) |
39% (42) |
0.03 |
| Meningismus |
43% (18) |
23% (28) |
0.02 |
| Oral thrush |
48% (19) |
24% (26) |
0.008 |
| Temporal wasting |
50% (20) |
35% (38) |
NS |
| Abnormal GCS (≤ 14) |
73% (29) |
29% (32) |
<0.0001 |
| Coma (GCS ≤ 8) |
50% (20) |
16% (17) |
<0.0001 |
| Median GCS |
8.5 |
15 |
<0.0001 |
| Laboratory |
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| Leukocytes × 103/μl (median) |
6.4 ± 7.1 (5.4) |
6.1 ± 5.6 (6)* |
NS |
| Lymphocytes × 103/μl (median) |
2.0 ± 1.3 (1.7) |
1.9 ± 1.2 (2.0) |
NS |
| CD4 count/μl (median) |
49.5 ± 45.2 (39) |
190.0 ± 216.4 (89) |
<0.0001 |
| CD4 < 100/μl |
93% (37) |
51% (56) |
<0.0001 |
| Haemoglobin g/dl (median) |
23.2 ± 29.1 (11.1) |
17.9 ± 20.6 (12)* |
NS |
| Platelets × 103/μl (median) |
161 ± 88 (141) |
179 ± 104 (163) |
NS |
| ESR (median) |
87 ± 40 (93) |
74 ± 39 (75) |
NS |
| CSF† |
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| Pleocytosis % > 2/μl (n) |
50% (20) |
38% (41) |
NS |
| Leukocytes (#/μl)† |
63 ± 90 |
14 ± 23 |
0.03 |
| Lymphocytes‡ (%) |
53 ± 40 |
37 ± 34 |
NS |
| Neutrophils‡ (%) |
47 ± 40 |
60 ± 34 |
NS |
| CSF protein (g/L)† |
1.2 ± 2.3 |
0.7 ± 0.7 |
NS |
| CSF glucose (mmol/L)† |
2.4 ± 1.3 |
3.0 ± 1.2 |
NS |
| CSF opening pressure (mmHg) |
14.2 ± 10.6 |
9.8 ± 8.6 |
0.02 |
| Outcome |
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| Survival to discharge |
50% (20) |
80% (87) |
0.0008 |
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Data shown are mean ± SD unless otherwise specified. * no haemoglobin or leukocyte data from 1 other patient † CSF cell counts, protein, glucose, and opening pressure results compare CM and only those other patients with meningitis, defined as CSF pleocytosis > 2/ml. ‡ CSF differential data available only from 12 CM and 11 non-CM patients. | |||
Kisenge et al. BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:39 doi:10.1186/1471-2334-7-39 |
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