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Characteristics of the three longitudinal studies |
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| Author |
Population Baseline numbers Descriptives Length of follow up [fu] |
Type of study, main outcome |
Measurement of cognition/dementia |
Measurement of haemoglobin [hb]/anaemia |
Adjusted for: |
Relationship with haemoglobin [hb]/anaemia |
Statistics if available. OR = Odds Ratio, RR = Relative Risk, HR = Hazard Ratio, (numbers in brackets are 95% confidence intervals) In order to assess the most conservative finding, results used are those from the adjusted analyses unless otherwise stated. |
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| Atti et al [19] |
Kungsholmen project, Sweden 1435 people without dementia at baseline Aged 75–95 years Mean fu 3.4(0.5 SD) years |
Cohort Dementia |
Clinical exam, review by specialist using DSM-III-R – dementia information on those who died in follow up from death certificates and medical records |
WHO criteria 130 g/L men, 120 g/L women Plus: Lowest 25th percentile 135 d/L men & 129 g/L women and lowest 5th percentile 117 g/L & 116 g/L women |
In those with MMSE >= 26: Age, sex, education, history of hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, chronic coronary disease, COPD, hypothyroidism, chronic renal failure, high white blood cells, high blood sedimentation rate, low albumin, low BMI. |
Anaemia increases risk of dementia in those with MMSE >= 26 Low Hb-below 130 g/L men & 120 g/L women increases risk of dementia |
In addition in subjects with MMSE >= 26.... With Hb < 25th percentile HR 1.2 (0.7–2.0) With Hb WHO criteria HR 2.0 (1.0–3.8) With Hb < 5th percentile HR 2.2 (1.0–4.9) |
| Atkinson et al [21] |
Women's health & ageing study 1, USA 558 women with MMSE > 24 and walking speed > 0.4 m/s. Mean age of whole study = 78 yrs(SD8.1) Fu 3 years |
Cohort Cognitive decline (fall in MMSE to < 24) |
MMSE |
Hb(g/dl) |
Age, race, smoking, education, no diseases, pulmonary disease, hb, baseline walking speed, baseline MMSE, baseline IADL, baseline ADL |
Hb not significant association with cognitive decline |
Cognitive decline OR 0.86 (0.60–1.21) Combined physical and cognitive decline OR 0.68 (0.47–0.98) |
| C.Mary Beard et al [20] |
Minnesota 1. 302 incident cases of Alzheimer's Disease [AD] with matched controls. (255 pairs analysed) Fu: Hb from year preceding or year of dementia onset. |
1. Retrospective case-control |
1. AD identified from lists of diagnostic terms thought to include dementia – diagnostic criteria similar to DSM. controls matched by age and gender. |
WHO criteria 130 g/L men, 120 g/L women. 1. Lowest measurement recorded in 2 yr window (onset + preceding yr) for cases and corresponding for controls. |
1. age, gender |
1. Anaemia increases risk of AD (not significant in men) |
1.OR 188 (1.17–3.03) Men OR 1.81 (0.75–4.39) Women OR 1.96 (1.11–3.47) |
| 2. 618 people Aged 65 years+ Fu: 5.1 years (1 day-7.9 years) |
2. Cohort Alzheimer's disease [AD] |
2. Medical records reviewed by nurse abstractor and confirmed by author |
2. A value below WHO criteria between 1985 & 1989 |
2.No association between anaemia and AD |
2.SIR 0.98 (0.67–1.37) Men SIR 1.49 (0.79–2.56) Women SIR 0.79 (0.49–1.23) |
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Peters et al. BMC Geriatrics 2008 8:18 doi:10.1186/1471-2318-8-18 |
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