Table 5 |
||||
|
Factors associated with verbal aggressive behaviours. |
||||
|
Characteristic |
Aggressive verbal behaviours |
Bivariate analyses |
Regression analyses |
|
|
|
||||
|
Yes n: 497 (21.5%) |
No n: 1823 (78.9%) |
Crude odds ratio (95% confidence interval) |
Adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) |
|
|
Individual factors |
||||
|
Age (years) |
||||
|
≥ 85 ‡ |
187 (37.6%) |
870 (47.7%) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
75 to 84 |
220 (44.3%) |
668 (36.6%) |
1.53* (1.23–1.91) |
1.40 (1.12–1.76) |
|
65 to 74 |
90 (18.1%) |
285 (15.6%) |
1.47* (1.11–1.95) |
1.18 (0.87–1.60) |
|
Gender |
||||
|
Female ‡ |
329 (66.2%) |
1422 (78.0%) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
Male |
168 (33.8%) |
401 (22.0%) |
1.81* (1.46–2.25) |
1.64* (1.30–2.06) |
|
Length of stay in LTCC (years) |
||||
|
0 to 2 ‡ |
237 (47.7%) |
845 (46.4%) |
1.00 |
|
|
3 to 4 |
96 (19.3%) |
336 (18.4%) |
1.02 (0.78–1.33) |
|
|
≥ 5 |
164 (33.0%) |
642 (35.2%) |
0.91 (0.73–1.14) |
|
|
Functional autonomy |
||||
|
Autonomous / semi-autonomous‡ |
282 (56.8%) |
923 (50.7%) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
Dependent |
214 (43.1%) |
899 (49.3%) |
0.78* (0.64–0.95) |
0.78* (0.62–0.99) |
|
Cognitive status |
||||
|
No impairment ‡ |
76 (15.3%) |
395 (21.7%) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
Mild-moderate impairment |
221 (44.5%) |
624 (34.3%) |
1.82* (1.37–2.43) |
1.85* (1.37–2.50) |
|
Severe impairment |
199 (40.1%) |
803 (44.1%) |
1.27 (0.95–1.70) |
1.48* (1.06–2.07) |
|
Withdrawal behaviour |
||||
|
No ‡ |
265 (53.4%) |
951 (52.2%) |
1.00 |
|
|
Yes |
231 (46.6%) |
871 (47.8%) |
0.95 (0.78–1.16) |
|
|
Sleep disturbance |
||||
|
No ‡ |
449 (90.5%) |
1725 (94.7%) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
Yes |
47 (9.5%) |
97 (5.3%) |
1.86* (1.29–2.68) |
1.76* (1.21–2.56) |
|
Psychological distress |
||||
|
No ‡ |
373 (75.1%) |
1454 (79.7%) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
Yes |
124 (24.9%) |
369 (20.2%) |
1.31* (1.04–1.65) |
1.19 (0.93–1.51) |
|
Environmental factors |
||||
|
Use of benzodiazepine drugs |
||||
|
No ‡ |
261 (52.5%) |
1075 (58.9%)) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
Yes |
236 (47.5%) |
748 (41.0%) |
1.30* (1.07–1.59) |
1.28* (1.05–1.58) |
|
Use of neuroleptic drugs |
||||
|
No ‡ |
313 (62.9%) |
1359 (74.5%) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
Yes |
184 (37.0%) |
464 (25.4%) |
1.72* (1.40–2.13) |
1.62* (1.30–2.02) |
|
Social visitation. |
||||
|
0 to 3 hours ‡ |
167 (33.7%) |
606 (33.4%) |
1.00 |
|
|
4 to 15 hours |
176 (35.5%) |
560 (30.9%) |
1.15 (0.91–1.46) |
|
|
≥ 16 hours |
153 (30.8%) |
648 (35.7%) |
0.86 (0.68–1.11) |
|
|
Use of physical restraints |
||||
|
No ‡ |
325 (65.4%) |
1242 (68.1%) |
1.00 |
|
|
Yes |
172 (34.6%) |
581 (31.9%) |
0.13 (0.92–1.40) |
|
|
|
||||
|
* Statistically significant p < 0.05 ‡ Reference Category miss. = missing |
||||
|
Voyer et al. BMC Geriatrics 2005 5:13 doi:10.1186/1471-2318-5-13 |
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