Table 1

Impact of confounding by gender, age, and comorbidity on the association between GEC and mortality of cirrhosis patients, estimated with Cox proportional hazards regression.

Crude HR (95% CI)

Adjusted HR (95% CI)

GEC < 1.75 mmol/min

GEC, per 0.5 mmol/min

0.74 (0.59–0.92)

0.64 (0.51–0.81)

Male vs. female

1.31 (1.06–1.63)

1.41 (1.13–1.76)

Age, per decade

1.22 (1.11–1.35)

1.20 (1.09–1.32)

Comorbidity, CCI ≥ 1 vs. 0

1.40 (1.11–1.78)

1.37 (1.08–1.75)

GEC ≥ 1.75 mmol/min

GEC, per 0.5 mmol/min

0.79 (0.59–1.05)

0.80 (0.60–1.08)

Male vs. female

1.46 (0.87–2.46)

1.44 (0.86–2.43)

Age, per decade

1.28 (1.07–1.52)

1.23 (1.02–1.48)

Comorbidity, CCI ≥ 1 vs. 0

1.59 (1.08–2.35)

1.42 (0.95–2.12)

Comorbidity is defined by the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). Associations are expressed as hazard ratios (HR) and presented without adjustment (Crude HR) and with adjustment for the potential confounders.

Jepsen et al. BMC Gastroenterology 2009 9:50   doi:10.1186/1471-230X-9-50