Dropout in a longitudinal, cohort study of urologic disease in community men

Naomi M Gades^*¹ , Debra J Jacobson^*² , Michaela E McGree² , Michael M Lieber³ , Rosebud O Roberts¹ , Cynthia J Girman¹^,4 and Steven J Jacobsen⁵

¹Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

²Division of Biostatistics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

³Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Merck Research Laboratories, Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, USA

⁵Research and Development, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Pasadena, California, USA

author email corresponding author email* Contributed equally

BMC Medical Research Methodology 2006, 6:58doi:10.1186/1471-2288-6-58


Published:	14 December 2006

Abstract

Background

Reasons for attrition in studies vary, but may be a major concern in long-term studies if those who drop out differ systematically from those who continue to participate. Factors associated with dropout were evaluated in a twelve-year community-based, prospective cohort study of urologic disease in men.

Methods

During 1989–1991, 2,115 randomly selected Caucasian men, ages 40–79 years from Olmsted County, Minnesota were enrolled and followed with questionnaires biennially; 332 men were added in follow-up. A random subset (~25%) received a urologic examination. Baseline characteristics including age, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) symptoms, comorbidities, and socioeconomic factors were compared between subjects who did and did not participate after the twelfth year of follow-up.

Results

Of the 2,447 men, 195 died and were excluded; 682 did not participate in 2002. Compared with men in the 40–49 year age group, men ≥ 70 years of age at baseline had a greater relative odds of dropout, 2.65 (95% CI: 1.93, 3.63). In age-adjusted analyses, relative to men without stroke, men who had suffered a stroke had a higher odds of dropout, age-adjusted OR 3.07 (95% CI: 1.49, 6.33). Presence of at least one BPH symptom was not associated with dropout, (age-adjusted OR 1.12 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.36)).

Conclusion

These results provide assurance that dropout was not related to primary study outcomes. However, factors associated with dropout should be taken into account in analyses where they may be potential confounders.