Table 3 |
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|
Results of the regression analysis for dipstick tests for the diagnosis of UTI |
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|
Univariate analysis |
Multivariate model |
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|
|
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|
Variable* |
RDOR (95% CI) |
p-value |
RDOR (95% CI) |
p-value |
|
|
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|
Nitrite dipstick – weighted (n = 23 studies) |
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|
|
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|
Clinical review bias avoided: yes vs unclear |
4.7 (1.7, 12.7) |
0.004 |
4.7 (1.7, 12.7) |
0.004 |
|
Age <5 years vs <2 years |
5.8 (0.3, 101.8) |
0.213 |
Dropped$ |
|
|
Age <12 years vs <2 years |
2.2 (0.1, 35.8) |
0.548 |
Dropped |
|
|
Age <18 years vs <2 years |
3.6 (0.9, 14.9) |
0.076 |
Dropped |
|
|
Europe vs North America |
0.3 (0.1,0.9) |
0.041 |
Dropped |
|
|
Other areas vs North America |
0.3 (0.1, 1.0) |
0.050 |
Dropped |
|
|
|
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|
Nitrite dipstick – unweighted (n = 23 studies) |
||||
|
|
||||
|
Clinical review bias avoided: yes vs unclear |
3.4 (0.9, 13.7) |
0.078 |
Dropped |
|
|
Age <5 years vs <2 years |
7.3 (0.9, 61.8) |
0.067 |
Dropped |
|
|
Age <12 years vs <2 years |
2.9 (0.5, 18.3) |
0.243 |
Dropped |
|
|
Age <18 years vs <2 years |
3.8 (1.1, 13.4) |
0.039 |
Dropped |
|
|
Europe vs North America |
0.3 (0.1, 1.0) |
0.044 |
0.3 (0.1, 1.0) |
0.044 |
|
Other areas vs North America |
0.3 (0.1, 1.2) |
0.089 |
0.3 (0.1, 1.2) |
0.089 |
|
|
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|
LE dipstick – weighted (n = 14 studies) |
||||
|
|
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|
No association at p < 0.10 |
||||
|
|
||||
|
LE dipstick – unweighted (n = 14 studies) |
||||
|
|
||||
|
Test details reported: yes vs no |
19.0 (1.9, 192.2) |
0.017 |
Dropped |
|
|
Age <5 years vs <2 years |
5.4 (0.5, 64.2) |
0.158 |
5.4 (0.5, 64.2) |
0.158 |
|
Age <12 years vs <2 years |
28.1 (2.3, 343.3) |
0.015 |
28.1 (2.3, 343.3) |
0.015 |
|
Age <18 years vs <2 years |
1.3 (0.3, 4.7) |
0.703 |
1.3 (0.3, 4.7) |
0.703 |
|
|
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|
Nitrite or leukocyte esterase dipstick – weighted (n = 15 studies) |
||||
|
|
||||
|
Reference standard details reported |
4.5 (0.9, 22.5) |
0.064 |
Dropped |
|
|
North America vs Europe |
5.0 (0.8, 10.5) |
0.076 |
Dropped |
|
|
North America vs Other areas |
1.1 (0.28, 5.0) |
0.854 |
Dropped |
|
|
|
||||
|
Nitrite or leukocyte esterase dipstick – unweighted (n = 15 studies) |
||||
|
|
||||
|
No association at p < 0.10 |
||||
|
|
||||
|
*Only items that showed moderate evidence (p < 0.10) for an association with the DOR in the univariate analysis are included. $Items were dropped where there were too few studies in one category to allow a coefficient to be calculated. |
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|
Westwood et al. BMC Medical Research Methodology 2005 5:20 doi:10.1186/1471-2288-5-20 |
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