Table 3 |
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Cardiac structure and function parameters according to degree of metabolic syndrome, adjusted for 10-year risk of CHD predicted by Framingham Heart Study risk score, in 541 participants aged < 75 years and with no CHD (bold font). |
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Number of features of the metabolic syndrome |
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|
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0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4–5 |
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|
n = 86 |
n = 185 |
n = 176 |
n = 61 |
n = 33 |
p (trend) |
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|
|
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Adjusted prevalence (95%CI) |
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|
Stage C of heart failure |
2.4 (0.6–9.3) [3.2 (0.8–11.9)] |
3.3 (1.5–7.1) [3.0 (1.3–6.8)] |
5.7 (3.1–10.2) [5.3 (2.7–9.9)] |
11.3 (5.4–22.1) [8.9 (4.0–18.7)] |
11.6 (4.1–28.6) [6.8 (2.2–18.9)] |
0.007 0.06 |
|
LVSD |
0.0 (0.0–0.0) [0.0 (0.0–0.0)] |
3.1 (1.3–6.8) [2.5 (1.0–6.3)] |
2.0 (0.7–5.3) [1.8 (0.6–5.2)] |
1.2 (0.2–8.4) [1.5 (0.2–9.9)] |
7.3 (2.3–20.5) [9.1 (3.1–23.9)] |
0.19 0.06 |
|
Diastolic dysfunction |
18.3 (11.2–28.5) [18.3 (11.2–28.5)] |
24.1 (18.4–30.9) [23.9 (18.1–30.9)] |
22.7 (16.9–29.6) [22.8 (17.0–30.0)] |
31.1 (20.7–43.9) [32.4 (21.7–45.3)] |
39.1 (23.5–57.3) [41.0 (25.4–58.6)] |
0.04 0.02 |
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|
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Adjusted mean (95%CI) |
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LV diameter/height (mm/m) |
29.1 (28.4–29.7) [29.2 (28.5–29.8)] |
29.4 (28.9–29.8) [29.4 (29.0–29.9)] |
29.6 (29.2–30.1) [29.7 (29.2–30.1)] |
29.7 (29.0–30.5) [29.6 (28.9–30.3)] |
31.1 (30.1–32.2) [30.9 (29.9–31.9)] |
0.003 0.02 |
|
LV mass/height (g/m) |
98.3 (92.1–104.5) [97.4 (91.3–103.6)] |
106.3 (102.1–110.4) [106.8 (102.6–111.0)] |
109.4 (105.2–113.5) [111.4 (107.2–115.5)] |
110.9 (103.8–118.1) [115.6 (108.5–122.7)] |
124.3 (114.3–134.3) [131.8 (122.2–141.4)] |
< 0.001 < 0.001 |
|
LV mass/height2.7 (g/m2.7) |
43.5 (40.6–46.5) [44.6 (41.7–47.5)] |
47.7 (45.7–49.6) [48.7 (46.7–50.7)] |
49.8 (47.8–51.7) [50.9 (49.0–52.9)] |
51.4 (48.0–54.8) [52.1 (48.8–55.4)] |
58.8 (54.0–63.5) [59.5 (54.9–64.0)] |
< 0.001 < 0.001 |
|
LV mass/FFM (g/kg) |
3.47 (3.25–3.69) [3.58 (3.37–3.79)] |
3.75 (3.60–3.89) [3.85 (3.70–3.99)] |
3.79 (3.64–3.93) [3.88 (3.74–4.02)] |
3.92 (3.67–4.17) [3.92 (3.68–4.16)] |
4.41 (4.06–4.76) [4.37 (4.04–4.70)] |
< 0.001 < 0.001 |
|
Posterior wall/height (mm/m) |
5.2 (5.0–5.4) [5.3 (5.1–5.5)] |
5.4 (5.3–5.6) [5.5 (5.4–5.6)] |
5.5 (5.4–5.6) [5.6 (5.5–5.7)] |
5.7 (5.4–5.9) [5.7 (5.5–5.9)] |
5.9 (5.6–6.2) [5.9 (5.7–6.2)] |
< 0.001 < 0.001 |
|
Interventricular septum/height (mm/m) |
5.6 (5.4–5.8) [5.7 (5.5–5.9)] |
6.0 (5.8–6.1) [6.0 (5.9–6.2)] |
6.1 (6.0–6.3) [6.2 (6.1–6.4)] |
6.3 (6.0–6.5) [6.3 (6.1–6.6)] |
6.4 (6.1–6.8) [6.5 (6.2–6.8)] |
< 0.001 < 0.001 |
|
Relative wall thickness |
0.36 (0.35–0.38) [0.37 (0.35–0.38)] |
0.37 (0.36–0.38) [0.38 (0.37–0.39)] |
0.37 (0.36–0.38) [0.38 (0.37–0.39)] |
0.38 (0.36–0.40) [0.39 (0.37–0.40)] |
0.39 (0.36–0.41) [0.39 (0.37–0.41)] |
0.07 0.07 |
|
Left atrium/height (mm/m) |
21.4 (20.9–22.0) [21.8 (21.3–22.3)] |
21.9 (21.5–22.3) [22.2 (21.8–22.5)] |
23.1 (22.8–23.5) [23.3 (23.0–23.7)] |
23.5 (22.8–24.1) [23.4 (22.8–24.0)] |
23.9 (23.0–24.7) [23.7 (22.9–24.5)] |
< 0.001 < 0.001 |
|
E wave/A wave (peak velocity) |
1.09 (1.02–1.16) [1.04 (0.98–1.10)] |
1.05 (1.00–1.09) [1.01 (0.97–1.05)] |
1.01 (0.97–1.06) [0.96 (0.92–1.01)] |
0.94 (0.87–1.02) [0.91 (0.84–0.98)] |
1.00 (0.89–1.11) [0.96 (0.86–1.06)] |
0.01 0.004 |
|
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Data in square brackets are adjusted for age and gender, in the same subsample of participants aged < 75 years and with no CHD (n = 541). CHD, coronary heart disease; CI, confidence interval; LVSD, left ventricular systolic dysfunction; LV, left ventricle; FFM, fat-free mass. |
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Azevedo et al. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 2007 7:17 doi:10.1186/1471-2261-7-17 |
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