Table 3

Effect of T. avellanedae aqueous extract (AE, 100, 200, and 400 mg/Kg) and morphine at the formalin 1% test. The results of the AE at the analgesia model induced by formalin are shown as the median of the time, which each mouse spent licking its posterior left paw after administration of formalin (1%) and its respective percentage. The AE (200 and 400 mg/Kg) significantly reduced the second phase of the formalin test.

1^st phase

2^nd phase

Treatment

Dose (mg/Kg)

Median

%

Median

%

Control

-

58.5

-

36

-

Morphine (i.p.)

7.5

10.5^a

87

0^a

81.8

AE (p.o.)

100

45

38

16

28.5

AE (p.o.)

200

43

43.1

6^a

49.3

AE (p.o.)

400

38

43.1

1^a

53.7

Morphine (i.p.)+Naloxone (i.p.)

5

55.5

16.5

18^a

33.8

Naloxone (i.p.)+AE400

5

37^a

62.8

3^a

71.4

Caffeine (i.p.)+AE400

10

44^a

55

26.5

19.8

%, pain reaction time inhibition percentage. ^ap < 0.05 compared to control (Kruskal-Wallis, followed by Nemenyi), AE400, aqueous extract 400 mg/Kg.

de Miranda et al. BMC Pharmacology 2001 1:6   doi:10.1186/1471-2210-1-6