Table 3

Effect of T. avellanedae aqueous extract (AE, 100, 200, and 400 mg/Kg) and morphine at the formalin 1% test. The results of the AE at the analgesia model induced by formalin are shown as the median of the time, which each mouse spent licking its posterior left paw after administration of formalin (1%) and its respective percentage. The AE (200 and 400 mg/Kg) significantly reduced the second phase of the formalin test.


1st phase
 2nd phase


Treatment
 Dose (mg/Kg)
 Median
 %
 Median
 %
Control
 -
 58.5
 -
 36
 -
Morphine (i.p.)
 7.5
 10.5a
 87
 0a
 81.8
AE (p.o.)
 100
 45
 38
 16
 28.5
AE (p.o.)
 200
 43
 43.1
 6a
 49.3
AE (p.o.)
 400
 38
 43.1
 1a
 53.7
Morphine (i.p.)+Naloxone (i.p.)
 5
 55.5
 16.5
 18a
 33.8
Naloxone (i.p.)+AE400
 5
 37a
 62.8
 3a
 71.4
Caffeine (i.p.)+AE400
 10
 44a
 55
 26.5
 19.8

%, pain reaction time inhibition percentage. ap < 0.05 compared to control (Kruskal-Wallis, followed by Nemenyi), AE400, aqueous extract 400 mg/Kg.

de Miranda et al. BMC Pharmacology 2001 1:6   doi:10.1186/1471-2210-1-6