Table 1

Function of reference genes, primer sequences, optimal primer concentrations and reaction efficiencies of qPCR experiments.

Symbol
Function
Primer sequence
nM
Efficiency

ACTB
Cytoskeletal structural protein
fw: CTGGAACGGTGAAGGTGACA
rv: AAGGGACTTCCTGTAACAATGCA
300
100
1.94 ± 0.01
GAPDH
Oxidoreductase in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
fw: GGAGTCCACTGGCGTCTTCAC
rv: GAGGCATTGCTGATGATCTTGAGG
300
600
1.94 ± 0.01
B2M
Beta-chain of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules
fw: TGCTGTCTCCATGTTTGATGTATCT
rv: TCTCTGCTCCCCACCTCTAAGT
300
900
2.03 ± 0.04
HPRT1
Purine synthesis in salvage pathway
fw: TGACACTGGCAAAACAATGCA
rv: GGTCCTTTTCACCAGCAAGCT
300
900
1.94 ± 0.03
SDHA
Electron transporter in the TCA cycle and respiratory chain
fw: TGGGAACAAGAGGGCATCTG
rv: CCACCACTGCATCAAATTCATG
300
900
2.00 ± 0.01
YWHAZ
Signal transduction by binding to phosphorylate serine residues
fw: ACTTTTGGTACATTGTGGCTTCAA
rv: CCGCCAGGACAAACCAGTAT
600
600
1.98 ± 0.01

Optimal primer concentrations were determined using a matrix of forward and reverse primers varying in concentration from 50 nM to 900 nM. Combinations that gave the lowest Ct value and the highest ΔRn value were selected. qPCR efficiencies for each primer pair were derived from standard curves (n = 3) using five-fold dilution series covering a 4 to 5 log dynamic range starting from one randomly selected undiluted cDNA sample of the untreated control group.

Toegel et al. BMC Molecular Biology 2007 8:13   doi:10.1186/1471-2199-8-13