Figure 1.

Molecular Approach. A top-down approach was used to determine transcription factors involved in the response of the mouse bladder to pro-inflammatory PAR-APs. This approach started by selecting a candidate TF out of 345 different TF consensus sequences present in a protein/DNA combo array (Panomics). Next, PAR-induced alteration in this TF binding was validated by EMSA and IHC was used to confirm its expression in the urinary bladder. Finally, an antibody recognizing this TF was used for CHIP/Q-PCR assay and revealed up-regulation of downstream genes.