Open Access Highly Accessed Research article

Smoking-induced gene expression changes in the bronchial airway are reflected in nasal and buccal epithelium

Sriram Sridhar2, Frank Schembri1, Julie Zeskind4, Vishal Shah4, Adam M Gustafson4, Katrina Steiling1, Gang Liu1, Yves-Martine Dumas1, Xiaohui Zhang1, Jerome S Brody1, Marc E Lenburg1,3,4 and Avrum Spira1,4*

  • * Corresponding author: Avrum Spira aspira@bu.edu

  • † Equal contributors

1 Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Albany Street, Boston Massachusetts, USA

2 Pathology Program, Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Albany Street, Boston Massachusetts, USA

3 Department of Genetics and Genomics, Boston University School of Medicine, Albany Street, Boston, MA, USA

4 Bioinformatics Program, Boston University School of Engineering, Cummington Street, Boston Massachusetts, USA

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BMC Genomics 2008, 9:259 doi:10.1186/1471-2164-9-259

Published: 30 May 2008

Additional files

Additional File 1:

Additional Methods. Information provided represents further methodology for Gene Set Enrichment Analysis comparing expression of genes in buccal, nasal, and bronchial epithelial datasets, as well as methodology for real-competitive PCR analysis of buccal mucosa gene expression.

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Additional File 2:

Gene Set Enrichment Analysis Strategy. Strategic flow for Gene Set Enrichment Analysis to determine the distribution of genes differentially expressed in the bronchial epithelium of smokers within the ranked list of gene expression differences observed between smokers and non-smokers in buccal and nasal epithelial samples.

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Additional File 3:

Figure legend for Gene Set Enrichment Analysis Strategy. Information provided represents the figure legend for Additional Figure 1, explaining the strategic flow of gene set enrichment analysis described in the main manuscript.

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Additional File 4:

Subject demographics for real competitive PCR studies. Data provided represents demographics for buccal mucosa samples used in the real competitive PCR studies.

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Additional File 5:

Differential expression of overlapping leading edge genes. Data provided represents fold change and p-values for the 5 most differentially expressed genes in the nose or mouth among the 45 genes induced by smoking in the bronchial airway that are present in both the nasal and buccal "leading edge subsets"

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Additional File 6:

Real competitive PCR results. Data provided represents gene expression and fold change for three genes validated in additional buccal mucosa samples from Additional File 4 via real competitive PCR.

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