Common features and interesting differences in transcriptional responses to secretion stress in the fungi Trichoderma reesei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

doi:10.1186/1471-2164-7-32

BMC Genomics
Volume 7

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Arvas M
Pakula T
Lanthaler K
Saloheimo M
Valkonen M
Suortti T
Robson G
Penttilä M

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Pakula T
Lanthaler K
Saloheimo M
Valkonen M
Suortti T
Robson G
Penttilä M
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Research article

Common features and interesting differences in transcriptional responses to secretion stress in the fungi Trichoderma reesei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Mikko Arvas¹ , Tiina Pakula¹ , Karin Lanthaler² , Markku Saloheimo¹ , Mari Valkonen¹ , Tapani Suortti¹ , Geoff Robson² and Merja Penttilä¹

¹VTT Biotechnology, Tietotie 2, Espoo, PL 1500, 02044 VTT, Finland

²School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, 1800 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9 PT, UK

author email corresponding author email

BMC Genomics 2006, 7:32doi:10.1186/1471-2164-7-32


Published:	22 February 2006

Abstract

Background

Secretion stress is caused by compromised folding, modification or transport of proteins in the secretory pathway. In fungi, induction of genes in response to secretion stress is mediated mainly by the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. This study aims at uncovering transcriptional responses occurring in the filamentous fungi Trichoderma reesei exposed to secretion stress and comparing these to those found in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Results

Chemostat cultures of T. reesei expressing human tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and batch bioreactor cultures treated with dithiothreitol (DTT) to prevent correct protein folding were analysed with cDNA subtraction and cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) experiments. ESTs corresponding to 457 unique genes putatively induced under secretion stress were isolated and the expression pattern of 60 genes was confirmed by Northern analysis. Expression of these genes was also studied in a strain over-expressing inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IREI) protein, a sensor for the UPR pathway. To compare the data with that of S. cerevisiae, published transcriptome profiling data on various stress responses in S. cerevisiae was reanalysed. The genes up-regulated in response to secretion stress included a large number of secretion related genes in both organisms. In addition, analysis of T. reesei revealed up regulation of the cpc1 transcription factor gene and nucleosomal genes. The induction of the cpcA and histone gene H4 were shown to be induced also in cultures of Aspergillus nidulans treated with DTT.

Conclusion

Analysis of the genes induced under secretion stress has revealed novel features in the stress response in T. reesei and in filamentous fungi. We have demonstrated that in addition to the previously rather well characterised induction of genes for many ER proteins or secretion related proteins also other types of responses exist.