Figure 3.

Examples of genomic islands. Each panel shows a genomic island that includes a significantly differentiated non-synonymous SNP. On top, the HDI or LDI is shown in details with all the SNPs and genes located in that region. SNPs are coloured according to their significance level in the selection test and FDR-SNPs are indicated by red vertical lines. The oblique arrow points at the non-synonymous SNP, and the vertical arrow indicates the gene embedding this SNP. The allele frequencies of the non-synonymous SNP in the HGDP populations are shown on the map below. Most common patterns of significant differentiation are found between continental groups, such as African vs. non-Africans (A), between Eurasian vs. non-Eurasians (B), or between East Asian and American vs. African and Eurasian populations (C). SNPs in low-differentiation islands tend to have similar allele frequencies in all populations (D).