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Open AccessHighly AccessResearch article

A DNA and morphology based phylogenetic framework of the ant genus Lasius with hypotheses for the evolution of social parasitism and fungiculture

Munetoshi Maruyama1,2* email, Florian M Steiner3,4,5* email, Christian Stauffer4 email, Toshiharu Akino6 email, Ross H Crozier5 email and Birgit C Schlick-Steiner3,4,5 email

Department of Zoology, National Science Museum, Hyakunin-chô 3-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan

Department of Zoology, Field Musem of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago IL 60605-2496, USA

Institute of Zoology, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Boku, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, 1180 Vienna, Austria

Institute of Forest Entomology, Forest Pathology and Forest Protection, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Boku, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria

School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia

Laboratory of Insect Behavior, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ôwasi 1-2, Tsukuba-shi 305-8634, Japan

author email corresponding author email* Contributed equally

BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008, 8:237doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-237

Published: 19 August 2008

Additional files

Additional File 1:

Definition and data matrix of morphological characters. L worker larva, M adult male, Q adult queen, W adult worker. The characters are consecutively numbered in the definitions which equal the numbers used in the matrix. The numeric codes for the character state definitions are given in parentheses. If a species is polymorphic in character states, both states are given in parantheses. In the penultimate row, the corresponding character name of Janda et al. [38] is given and the following signs describe the relation to [38] concerning the definitions, "*" indicates that character and states are identical, "**" indicates that the characters are identical but the states have been adapted, "***" that characters and states have been adapted, and "****" indicates new characters, not used in [38]. The letters in ultimate row indicate: "a" character used for reconstruction of new phylogenetic framework, "b" character suspected to be functionally coupled with social parasitism or a behavioural/ecological character, "c" invariant character. The samples of the matrix are identical with those given in Table 1. Subgenera are abbreviated as in Table 1.

Format: XLS Size: 97KB Download file

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