Mitochondrial DNA suggests at least 11 origins of parasitism in angiosperms and reveals genomic chimerism in parasitic plants

Todd J Barkman¹ , Joel R McNeal^2,3 , Seok-Hong Lim¹ , Gwen Coat² , Henrietta B Croom⁴ , Nelson D Young^2,5 and Claude W dePamphilis²

¹  Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, USA

²  Department of Biology and Institute of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA

³  Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA

⁴  Department of Biology, University of the South, Sewanee, TN 37383, USA

⁵  Department of Microbiology, 442F Morrill IVN, U Mass Amherst, Amherst, MA 01536, USA