Table 1

Independently calibrated nrITS substitution rates sorted by magnitude of rate.

Taxon

Family

Life History^a

Clock Test

Calibration Type^b

Calibration Date (ma)

Rate^d

Reference

Hamamelis

Hamamelidaceae

W

NA

G

8.5

0.38

[48]

Winteraceae

Winteraceae

W

NA

G

65^c

0.45^e

[27]

Nothofagus

Nothofagaceae

W

NA

F

83

0.50

[49]

Salicaceae

Salicaceae

W

NA

F

50^c

0.60

[50]

Aralia sect. Dimorphanthus

Araliaceae

W

NA

G

12

1.07

[51]

Echium

Boraginaceae

W

Passed

G

20

1.10

[52]

Alnus

Betulaceae

W

Rejected

F

70

1.10

[53]

Empetraceae

Empetraceae

W

Passed

F

37

1.44

[54]

Saxifraga

Saxifragaceae

H

NA

NA

5.5^c

1.72

[55]

Aesculus

Hippocastanaceae

W

Passed

F

65

1.72

[56]

Gaertnera

Rubiaceae

W

Passed

F

54

1.99

[11]

Ormocarpum

Fabaceae

W

Rejected

G

35

2.00

[57]

Inga

Fabaceae

W

Rejected

G

3.5

2.34

[10]

Phylica

Rhamnaceae

W

Rejected

G

2

2.44

[58]

Adansonia

Bombacaceae

W

Passed

F

47^c

2.48

[59]

Eupatorium

Asteraceae

H

Passed

M (ndhF)

14.8

2.51

[60]

Tarweeds/Hawaiian silverswords

Asteraceae

W

Passed

C

15

3.00

[61]

Robinioid legumes

Fabaceae

W

Rejected

F

39.4^c

3.30

[62]

Lupinus

Fabaceae

H

NA

F

60

3.46^e

[63]

Astragalus

Fabaceae

H

NA

F

35

3.50

[64]

Cucurbitoideae

Cucurbitaceae

H

NA

F

40

3.62

[65]

Ehrharta

Poaceae

H

Rejected

M (rbcL) & F

41

3.81

[66]

Plantago

Plantaginaceae

H

Rejected

G

0.6

4.27

[71]

Gentianella

Gentianaceae

H

Passed

G & F

3

4.52

[67]

Dendroseris

Asteraceae

W

Passed

G & M (cpDNA)

3.3^c

5.00

[28]

Gossypium

Malvaceae

H

NA

F & M (cpDNA)

8.5^c

5.50^e

[68]

Robinsonia

Asteraceae

W

Passed

G

4

7.83

[69]

Soldanella

Primulaceae

H

Passed

F

23.3

8.34

[70]

Gentiana sect. Ciminalis

Gentianaceae

H

Passed

G

0.1

19.00

[25]

^aW = woody, H = herbaceous.

^bG = geographic vicariance; F = fossil; M = molecular clock from a different locus, followed by an identifier for that locus in parentheses; C = climatic.

^cCalibration age and associated substitution rate are averages of two reported ages.

^dsubstitutions/site/year × 10^-9.

^eSubstitution rate is a weighted average of ITS1 and ITS2 rates reported separately.

Kay et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:36   doi:10.1186/1471-2148-6-36