Table 1 |
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|
Comparisons between galling and non-galling insect sister groups |
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|
Galling-sister |
Species number |
Host range |
Gall host MRCA age (Ma) |
ERM P galler |
Non-galling sister |
Species number |
Host range |
Non-gall host MRCA age (Ma) |
ERM P non-galler |
|
|
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|
Euurina |
400 |
Salix, Populus |
58 |
0.059 |
Nematus melanaspis-group |
25 |
Salicaceae, Betulaceae |
94 |
0.94 |
|
Bacconematus |
1 |
Ribes |
35 |
1.00 |
Eitelius |
2 |
Salix |
35 |
0.50 |
|
Pristolina |
4 |
Vaccinium |
0 |
0.50 |
Pristicampus |
3 |
Potentilla |
0 |
0.67 |
|
Micronematus |
1 |
Prunus |
70* |
0.97 |
Pristiphora subgenus Sala |
30 |
Fagaceae, Betulaceae, Salicaceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Grossulariaceae, Malvaceae |
114 |
0.033 |
|
Kladothrips |
24 |
Acacia |
0 |
0.21 |
Rhopalothripoides |
6 |
Acacia |
0 |
0.83 |
|
gall-inducing Cynipidae + Synergini |
1369 |
Fagaceae, Rosaceae, Papaveraceae, Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Anacardiaceae, Smilacaceae, Valerianaceae, Apiaceae, Sapindaceae |
144 |
0.24 |
Figitidae (in part): Charpinae, Anacharitinae, Figitinae, Aspicerinae |
435 |
Diptera, Neuroptera, Hymenoptera |
300 |
0.76 |
|
Agaonidae + Otitesellinae |
690 |
Ficus |
60 |
0.15 |
Sycoryctinae |
121 |
Agaonidae + Sycoryctinae |
60 |
0.85 |
|
Eurostina |
41 |
Asteraceae (Soldagininae: Solidago; Chrysothamnus; Gutierrezia)) |
0 |
0.54 |
Euaresta |
46 |
Asteraceae (Ambrosiinae: Ambrosia; Xanthium; Dicoria) |
0 |
0.48 |
|
Oedapidina |
88 |
Asteraceae |
42 |
0.71 |
Tephrellini |
210 |
Acanthaceae, Lamiaceae, Verbenaceae |
45 |
0.30 |
|
Hexomyza |
16 |
Liliopsida/Eudicotyledons |
144 |
0.95 |
Ophiomyia + Tropicomyia |
282 |
Liliopsida/Eudicotyledons |
144 |
0.054 |
|
Apiomorpha |
150 |
Eucalyptus |
65 |
0.020 |
Ourococcus |
3 |
Myrtaceae, Casuarinaceae |
104 |
0.99 |
|
Maskellia |
2 |
Eucalyptus |
65 |
1.00 |
Aspidiotini; Pseudaonidina; Odonaspidini; non-pupillarial Parlatorini |
874 |
Magnoliphyta/Coniferophyta |
366 |
0.0023 |
|
Cerataphidini |
73 |
Styrax |
0 |
0.053 |
Thelaxes (Thelaxinae) |
4 |
Quercus |
0 |
0.96 |
|
|
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|
Most recent common ancestor (MRCA) ages are in millions of years before the present. Host ranges are reported as lists of taxa or, in the case of diverse ranges, as two subgroups which span the MRCA node. Divergence dates are from Davies et al. [69] (angiosperms) and Hedges et al. [70] |
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Hardy and Cook BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:257 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-257 |
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