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Mean error, standard deviation and median error of a standard type PSO, CPSO, and OPSO implementation. Particle swarms with 20 particles, 1,000 epochs. Best performance (i.e., lowest error) for each function is highlighted in bold letters. |
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| Schaffer F6 D = 2 |
Griewangk D = 30 |
Rastrigin D = 30 |
Rosenbrock D = 30 |
Sphere D = 30 |
|
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| standard type PSO |
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| mean error |
0.0042 |
0.827 |
99.5 |
91.5 |
4.14 |
| standard deviation |
0.0048 |
0.361 |
27.0 |
47.2 |
6.56 |
| median error |
0 |
0.914 |
98.2 |
85.1 |
1.89 |
| CPSO |
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| mean error |
0.0048 |
0.148 |
86.2 |
32.2 |
0.0035 |
| standard deviation |
0.0049 |
0.616 |
23.0 |
19.8 |
0.070 |
| median error |
3.89·10-7 |
0.039 |
84.6 |
24.6 |
3.2·10-8 |
| PSO with optimized parameters |
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| mean error |
0.0030 |
0.024 |
46.5 |
37.4 |
6.17·10-8 |
| standard deviation |
0.0045 |
0.040 |
13.1 |
24.2 |
5.53·10-7 |
| Median error |
1.91·10-8 |
0.015 |
44.8 |
25.8 |
1.02·10-9 |
Meissner et al. BMC Bioinformatics 2006 7:125 doi:10.1186/1471-2105-7-125 |
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