Table 4

Mean error, standard deviation and median error of a standard type PSO, CPSO, and OPSO implementation. Particle swarms with 20 particles, 1,000 epochs. Best performance (i.e., lowest error) for each function is highlighted in bold letters.


Schaffer F6 D = 2
Griewangk D = 30
Rastrigin D = 30
Rosenbrock D = 30
Sphere D = 30

standard type PSO
mean error
0.0042
0.827
99.5
91.5
4.14
standard deviation
0.0048
0.361
27.0
47.2
6.56
median error
0
0.914
98.2
85.1
1.89
CPSO
mean error
0.0048
0.148
86.2
32.2
0.0035
standard deviation
0.0049
0.616
23.0
19.8
0.070
median error
3.89·10-7
0.039
84.6
24.6
3.2·10-8
PSO with optimized parameters
mean error
0.0030
0.024
46.5
37.4
6.17·10-8
standard deviation
0.0045
0.040
13.1
24.2
5.53·10-7
Median error
1.91·10-8
0.015
44.8
25.8
1.02·10-9

Meissner et al. BMC Bioinformatics 2006 7:125   doi:10.1186/1471-2105-7-125