Figure 4.

Schematic diagram for discovering side effect-biological process relationships. Nausea, which is the sensation of unease and discomfort in the stomach with an urge to vomit, is an example of a side effect. In this example, 3 of 5 drugs known to cause nausea are related to anti-oxidant activity, but the other processes were perturbed by only 1 or 2 drugs. Based on this connectivity, the scores were calculated to find possible processes causing the side effects. Finally, the processes were analyzed to ensure whether the side effect-biological process relationships revealed by this approach were meaningful.